Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Scale of Externalizing Problem Behaviors in Adults (SEPBA): A Hybrid Dimensional–Categorical Instrument

The Scale of Externalizing Problem Behaviors in Adults (SEPBA) was developed as a hybrid psychometric instrument designed to assess both dimensional traits and categorical diagnoses associated with externalizing psychopathology. Based on an integrative operational framework that draws on DSM-5 as well as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, the SEPBA assesses 15 traits/facets and 6 disorders within the domains of antagonism and disinhibition.The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the SEPBA in a combined community and prisoner sample (n = 922). Results indicated adequate item discrimination and internal consistency on all scales. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the individual scales and the hypothesized hierarchical organization of traits and facets. Gender invariance of the measure was demonstrated. In addition, convergent and discriminant validity evidence was provided through correlations with external measures. The results support the SEPBA as a suitable instrument. Its hybrid structure offers an integrative approach to transdiagnostic assessment, enhancing both the clinical utility of categorical diagnoses and the empirical applicability of dimensional profiles in the assessment of externalizing behaviors in adults.