From typologies to axes: revisiting the classifications of immigrant entrepreneurs through a multidimensional perspective

This study proposes a multidimensional model to understand the diverse trajectories of Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurs in 17 countries. Drawing on a thematic analysis of 38 selected interviews from a database of 284, 10 questionnaires, and a systematic review of 29 international studies, the research highlights the limitations of rigid typologies and argues for analytical axes. Five dimensions structure the model: motivation (necessity, opportunity, or mission), market orientation (ethnic, mixed, or generalist), transnationalism (local, connected, or transnational), identity positioning (concealment, instrumentalization, or authenticity), and institutional embeddedness (informal, enclave, integrated, or breakout). These axes allow the simultaneous analysis of structural, identity-related, and strategic factors, revealing recurrent combinations and hybrid profiles. The model contributes to a more refined understanding of immigrant entrepreneurship and supports comparative studies and policy development for the economic integration of Brazilians abroad. It also connects individual narratives with broader migratory and transnational patterns, advancing research in the field.