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This review examines paracrine effects and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, highlighting their advantages over iPSCs.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a versatile population capable of self-replicating and differentiating into various somatic cell types. This review examines the potential of MSC cultures in cell therapy for a range of diseases and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. MSC-based therapies have garnered significant interest due to their accessibility and renewable nature. Despite uncertainties surrounding their differentiation pathways, MSCs are pivotal in stem cell biology due to their regulatory properties, including immunomodulatory and paracrine effects. We emphasize that the paracrine capabilities of MSCs may provide advantages over induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in optimal tissue integration, particularly in cardiac tissue engineering. This review also explores how external factors, like substrates, influence the effectiveness of the paracrine effect, aiming to identify optimal cell microenvironments for enhancing therapeutic outcomes without adverse effects.
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Al-Khateeb et al. (2025) studied this question.
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