Implementation considerations for electronic partner notification for sexually transmitted infections: a qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Background Electronic partner notification (ePN) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a promising tool for linking exposed individuals to STI testing and treatment. Statewide ePN will target rising rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea in Massachusetts (MA). Methods We explored implementation factors and barriers and facilitators to ePN for priority populations using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We conducted in-depth interviews with men who have sex with men (n = 56) and transgender women (n = 4) recruited from sexual health clinics, community organizations, and online platforms in greater Boston, MA. Content analysis was used to organize implementation factors, barriers and facilitators, and innovation adaptations to mitigate barriers and emphasize facilitators. Results Participants’ median age was 27.5 (IQR 23–33); 32% were White, 27% Black, and 22% Hispanic. Overall, participants reacted positively to ePN. Contextual factors include STI stigma and familiarity with contact tracing from the COVID-19 pandemic; barriers and facilitators—varying in direction—include the prevalence of anonymous sexual encounters, comfort with clinicians, and patterns of accessing sexual health services. Individual-level factors include privacy concerns and the nature of relationships between sexual partners. Individual-level facilitators include pre-existing knowledge of digital tools and sexual health services, notifiers’ degree of motivation for using ePN, and the perceived value of partner notification. Trust in an ePN notification was identified as an important factor in determining whether individuals seek care. Conclusions ePN is a promising tool to combat rising STI rates. ePN implementors must recognize the importance of key barriers, facilitators, and trust.