Figure 2 from Utilizing Serum-Derived Lipidomics with Protein Biomarkers and Machine Learning for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer in the Symptomatic Population

Protein biomarker levels. Protein biomarkers were quantified via immunoassay, and values are log₁₀ transformed and visualized by scatter plot. A, CA125. Dotted line shows threshold referenced in clinical guidance (35 U/mL). B, HE4. Dotted line shows threshold referenced in clinical guidance (140 pmol/L). C, FOLR1. D, MUC1. Error bars indicate mean and SD. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed between controls and each ovarian cancer group. OC, ovarian cancer. EOC, early-stage ovarian cancer. Statistical testing used Mann Whitney U with significance defined as: ns, P > 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.