The role of the redox signaling system (H2О2 and the thiol system) in the regulation of the functional activity of nervous tissue in health and disease

The review highlights the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the thiol system in the regulation of functional activity of neurons. Their controlling function has been analyzed in the context of processes of synaptic plasticity and functioning of neurotrophins, as well as participation in such cellular processes as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell aging. Special attention has been paid to the role of individual components of the thiol system, their interaction with H2О2 in the regulation of the redox signaling system of cells. Summarizing literature data reflecting the participation of H2О2 in the regulation of key metabolic cascades of nervous tissue and own results we have come to conclusion about the dual nature of the stress system components depending on the functional state of the organism. The manifestation of their toxic effect, first of all, depends on their concentration and chemical structure.