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Discussion contrasts representative and integrative models of pluralistic policy advice, highlighting implications for scientific engagement.
In this discussion note, we contrast two models of pluralistic policy advice that have recently been proposed: Stephen John’s (2025) representative model and our integrative model (Bschir & Lohse 2022, 2024). We believe that the contrast between representative and integrative pluralism is of high relevance for the broader philosophical discussion on scientific policy advice.
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Bschir et al. (2025) studied this question.
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