Design and Fabrication of Microsphere‐Based Micro/Nano Structures for Efficient Electromagnetic Modulation and Absorption

The development of high-performance electromagnetic (EM) absorption materials is pivotal in addressing EM pollution. Such absorption materials enable flexible modulation of EM performance, which has become an important focal point of recent research. Among various EM absorption materials, microsphere-based micro/nano materials exhibit extremely high stability and remarkable attributes for modulating their EM performance. By tuning composition, structure, size, and dispersibility, the EM response performance of microsphere materials can be improved through the induced scattering, polarization, magnetic coupling, and magnetic-dielectric coupling effects. The research field of microsphere materials has made significant advances in terms of EM response modulation strategies and absorption mechanisms. This review begins with an introduction to microsphere materials with diverse morphological structures, multi-component designs, and various loss mechanisms, highlighting their EM absorption performance. It is followed by discussions of advanced preparation methods and characterization techniques for the efficient modulation of the microsphere materials and establishment of structure-property relationships. Moreover, challenges and opportunities confronted by the design of microsphere EM absorption materials for intelligent applications will also be presented.