Effect of Raw Biomass in Soil-Cement for Use in Emergency Construction

This study investigated the incorporation of organic waste, such as citrus fruit peels (orange and lemon) and bamboo fibers, into soil-cement mixtures to develop sustainable materials for emergency construction. The methodology included soil granulometry testing, preparation of test specimens by mixing biomass inputs with soil or soil-cement, mechanical strength testing, and water absorption analysis, using different proportions of soil, cement, and biomass. The results showed that the addition of cement and lemon inhibited mold growth; however, a 10% concentration of citrus peels did not completely eliminate fungal proliferation. On the other hand, bamboo fiber exhibited lower mold proliferation in the first week, with a significant reduction after this period compared to citrus peels. The limonene present in citrus peels provided hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties, while pectin and cellulose acted as structuring agents. Bamboo fibers improved the cohesion and mechanical strength of the test specimens and also proved effective in mold control, significantly reducing fungal growth after the first week of curing. This study confirms the feasibility of using natural materials in the construction of temporary housing solutions, contributing to more sustainable alternatives aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. Future research should explore different curing times and variations in the granulometry of bamboo fibers to optimize the performance of 3D-printed composites.