Dynamic Field Assessment of Canopy Development and Periderm Maturation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background: Periderm development in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is critical for protecting tubers from biotic and abiotic stress, yet the relationship between periderm maturation, canopy development, and tuber growth during the active growing season remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that cultivar-specific differences in canopy growth and biomass partitioning would influence the timing and extent of periderm structural development and tuber growth in field conditions. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining how periderm maturation aligns with canopy development and tuber growth in field conditions. Methods: Three commercial cultivars: Alturas, Clearwater Russet, and Russet Burbank, were evaluated in replicated field trials. Canopy biomass, tuber yield, and total biomass were measured at multiple stages, while periderm anatomy was assessed using histological imaging, and strength was quantified through shear force resistance from tuber initiation to vine kill. Results: Alturas exhibited the highest canopy biomass, tuber yield, and periderm strength. Phellem structure, measured by cell layer number and thickness, stabilized by approximately 100 days after planting, yet shear strength continued to increase until vine kill. Cultivar-specific differences were observed in the timing and extent of periderm maturation. Conclusions: Periderm strength at 50% harvest index provided a meaningful benchmark for evaluating skin set in early-harvest systems. These findings support more informed decisions for cultivar selection, harvest timing, and postharvest handling to reduce skinning damage and improve tuber quality.