Depression in Youth: Investigating the Impact of Obesity, Inflammation and Sleep: A Narrative Review

Background: Depressive disorders in children and adolescents have been associated with lifelong health implications and risk factors. Concurrently, rates of depression, overweight and obesity in pediatrics have markedly worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep and inflammation have also been described as altered in depressive and overweight or obese status, suggesting an intertwined relationship. This clinical practice review examines these intertwined roles while exploring health care disparities, holistic care, and interdisciplinary approaches. Methods: The methodology of this review followed a narrative format by examining and summarizing trends related to pediatric depression with existing literature and expert synthesis. Results: Selected articles provided a broad overview of key concepts contributing to a deeper understanding of research topics. Relevant clinical insights into the complex and interwoven concepts of pediatric depression, obesity, and inflammation answered the research question by informing clinical practice with a culturally sensitive, holistic, and integrated health care approach. Conclusions: Significant findings underscored the need for healthcare providers to understand the complex relationships between depression, obesity, inflammation, and sleep, to avoid healthcare disparities and risk for negative lifelong consequences. This article is intended for all the disciplines involved in the care of pediatric populations.