In the present era, adopting clean and sustainable technologies in the transport sector has become imperative for environmental conservation and sustainable development. Conventional fuel-based vehicles are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, air and noise pollution, which accelerate climate change and environmental degradation. Electric vehicles (EVs) and alternative fuels offer an effective solution to these challenges. The growing adoption of e-cars, e-bikes, e- scooters, e-buses, and e-trucks reflects increasing environmental awareness and improvement in air quality. This research paper analyzes the transition toward sustainable transport through electric mobility. It highlights the environmental role, benefits, technological potential, and adoption challenges of EVs. Key motivating factors such as policy incentives, battery technology, charging infrastructure, and smart grid integration are evaluated. The study recommends investing in robust public transport networks, comprehensive charging infrastructure, battery recycling, and alternative fuel production. In India, programs like FAME-II, subsidies, and tax incentives can enhance EV acceptance. Local manufacturing, research, industry–academic collaboration, and public awareness campaigns can foster environmental responsibility and sustainable development. In conclusion, electric mobility is not merely a technological innovation but a foundation for clean, efficient, and socially inclusive transportation. Its widespread adoption can play a decisive role in reducing pollution, strengthening energy security, achieving climate goals, and ensuring a sustainable future.
Sharma et al. (Sat,) studied this question.