Evaluating Fire Preparedness and Mitigation in Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry

The Nigerian oil and gas industry is central to the nation’s economy but remains highly vulnerable to fire hazards that threaten lives, assets, and the environment. This study assessed fire preparedness and mitigation practices across selected oil and gas facilities, focusing on employee awareness, safety infrastructure, management commitment, and regulatory compliance. A cross-sectional survey of 350 employees yielded 211 valid responses, analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Real-time air quality monitoring was conducted at a crude oil facility in Nigeria, using a portable Hanna handheld device to ensure accuracy. The measurements were taken across key operational areas, including the administrative building and various engineering departments, with the facility's name kept anonymous. Results revealed encouraging levels of preparedness: 76.2% of workers reported adequate fire safety training, 82.2% confirmed access to safety equipment, and 85.5% acknowledged routine fire drills. Strong management commitment and regulatory compliance were also affirmed, with over 90% of respondents citing the presence of dedicated safety officers, budgetary allocations, and environmental protection measures. However, gaps persisted; 23.8% of staff felt inadequately trained, 18% lacked clarity on muster points, and 15% reported the absence of safety plans in their facilities. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between years of experience, frequency of drills, and the effectiveness of fire contingency plans, indicating the importance of both human and organizational factors. The research shows that enhancing fire preparedness in Nigeria's oil and gas industry requires continuous training, standardized drills, and strict maintenance of suppression systems.