Review highlights the gut microbiota's role in COVID-19's immune response and disease severity.
The article presents a review of modern foreign and Russian literature, summarizing the data of the influence of intestinal microbiota on COVID-19 course and the components and quantities of microbiota changing due to coronavirus infection. The results of many studies indicate the immune response against new coronavirus infection modulation, including stimulation of the synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins, regulation of the expression of viral target receptors and maintaining the tone of the immune system. This principle determines the severity of the disease depending on the state of the microbiota. On the other hand, in addition to respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal disorders are observed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, which indicates the tropism of the virus to intestinal cells and the effect on the microbiota. The described two-way relationship is called ”gut-lung axis” and opens up opportunities for stimulating the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and improving the prognosis.
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Kapustina et al. (2025) studied this question.
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