Investigating the digital health and gender dimension for radiation protection in Japan

In the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, digital tools for radiation protection were employed in Japan, yet often without a gender equity focus. This study examined gender differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning the use of these tools. A secondary analysis was conducted on anonymous data from a 2020 internet-based survey, which included demographic information, radiation knowledge, eHealth literacy, and opinions on radiation tools. Of the 339 respondents, over 70% expressed interest in using a radiation protection app, with no gender difference. However, men reported higher self-assessed knowledge (38.2% vs. 23.5%) and actual usage (16.8% vs. 4.8%). Multivariable analysis showed persistent gender disparities in knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for women 0.56) and practice (aOR for women 0.27), even when adjusting for basic characteristics. More men felt relieved and were inclined to use the app for self-protection, whereas more women viewed the tools as less useful and were more concerned with daily living. The findings highlight the urgent need to address women's perspectives, suggesting the development of gender-sensitive digital tools and increased awareness of their benefits for women.