Eco-Friendly Route to Edaravone: A Biocatalytic Approach Using Baker’s Yeast, Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride, and Ethyl Acetoacetate

Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a neuroprotective compound with antioxidant properties, widely used in the treatment of conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ischemic stroke. Traditional synthetic methods often involve toxic reagents and environmentally taxing processes. In this study, we present a sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis of edaravone using phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, ethyl acetoacetate, and water, with Baker’s yeast (Sacromasi sevoasi) serving as a biocatalyst. This biocatalytic route offers a green alternative by operating under mild reaction conditions and minimizing the formation of harmful by-products. The methodology encompasses optimized reaction parameters, effective purification techniques, and structural characterization of the final product through spectroscopic analysis. The proposed approach not only improves the environmental profile of edaravone synthesis but also demonstrates the potential of integrating biological catalysts into pharmaceutical chemistry.