Research Regarding the Durability and Mechanical Properties of the Legendary Damascus Steel

The recipe for making Damascus steel was lost in ancient times. Based on the fascinating legends and excellent properties of Damascene swords, the study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to realyse this laborious process of manufacturing this material. This manufacturing involves forging of different layers of two different steels to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. For this research, were selected two types of steels with a high Carbon compond, particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steels: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel were chosen to create the genuine Damascus steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual mechanical properties, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. Additional studies such as hardness analysis and the strength of materials were conducted to understand and evaluate the behavior of the Damascus steel. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel including, for simulation, a finite element analysis which was performed using Ansys R1 2023 and Autodesk Inventor Professional for the created Damascus steel knife blade.