Formation Processes of Absorbent Glass Mat versus Flooded Lead‐Acid Batteries—Differences and Similarities: Practical Approach

Before lead‐acid batteries are used, they undergo a crucial formation stage that involves charging positive and negative plates. The process requires the application of a constant voltage or current to plates immersed in sulfuric acid solution. There are different methods for the formation, tank and container formation, in lead‐acid battery production. This study focuses on container formation, which includes three main techniques: air formation, water‐bath formation, and closed‐loop formation. This article explores differences between these methods and highlights distinctions between absorbent glass mat and traditional flooded lead‐acid batteries. This article examines the theoretical aspects of the formation process, including chemical changes in active materials, electrolyte role, and temperature behavior. It discusses the formation reactions for negative and positive plates, offering insights into the formation types and current application methods. A notable advancement is advanced charging system (ACS) technology, which provides faster and more efficient formation, especially for batteries requiring high ampere‐hour (Ah) capacity. By controlling the temperature and allowing a higher current input, ACS technology shortens the formation time while maintaining the battery characteristics. This study enhances the understanding of the formation process in lead‐acid battery production. The introduction of ACS technology highlights ongoing advancements and promises greater efficiency in lead‐acid battery manufacturing.