Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Antiplasmodial Activity of Steroid Compound from Sponge Hyrtios reticulatus

Hyrtios reticulatus is a type of sponge that has antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and FCR3 variants. However, there has never been a report on the isolation of antiplasmodial substances from Hyrtios reticulatus. The objective of this research was to isolate and structure elucidation of antiplasmodial compound from Hyrtios reticulatus. The chloroform fraction from ethanol extract was partitioned by column chromatography with a ratio of n-hexane to ethyl acetate of 5:5 v/v and was purified using preparative thin-layer chromatography. Then the result was identified and characterised using spectroscopic method. The antiplasmodial activity was studied in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and FCR3 using micro method. The purified compound was white crystal with (λmaks) at 235 nm and was identified with UV-vis spectroscopy. The infrared spectrum showed that the isolate had functional hydroxyl (OH) groups, aliphatic C-H bond, C-O bond, vanillic C-H bond, and carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C). The result of the mass spectrometry analysis of the purified compound showed a molecular weight of 414 g/mol. The H-NMR, C-NMR, DEPT, COSY and HMBC spectrum and the spectral analysis revealed the presence of a compound of β-sitosterol and it had antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and FCR3 with IC50 17.76 ± 2.86 µg/ml and 12.03 ± 1.60 µg/ml.