Diffusion-mediated quantification of dose-dependent antifungal drug tolerance

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem, with drug-resistant fungi posing major challenges for the treatment of immunocompromised patients. Antifungal tolerance is a recently discovered phenomenon whereby pathogenic fungi, including the multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candidozyma ( Candida ) auris , grow slowly above minimum inhibitory drug concentrations. We combine physics-based spatiotemporal models with microbiology experiments to quantitatively investigate the emergence of tolerance to all three major classes of antifungal drugs in C. auris . Specifically, we use a finite element computational model based on Fick's second law to simulate drug diffusion and experimental disk diffusion assays to determine the concentrations at which antifungal-tolerant C. auris colonies emerge. Our study advances antimicrobial resistance research by providing a method to quantify antifungal tolerance and demonstrating that tolerance is a dose-dependent phenomenon in a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen.