Assessing The Environmental Quality of Kirkuk City and Taza District Based on Pressure-State-Response Framework for Winter 2023 Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Evaluating a region's Ecological Environment Quality (EEQ) is an essential factor in deciding its urbanization and sustainable development rate. This study aims to find the Ecological Index (EI). It evaluates it using the widely used Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework based on a set of statistical and remote sensing indices in Kirkuk City and Taza district. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to obtain 12 indicators that offer a foundation for sustainable development decision-making for Kirkuk City and Taza District during the winter of 2023. The finding reveals that the ecological condition is healthy in winter due to the atmospheric conditions and the social and economic activities. It presents the main relation between environmental health and human activities.