Population dynamics, health expenditure growth and the workforce.

This perspective serves as a primer and overview of the underlying causes of the current stress on the healthcare system, indicating no expected relief in the medium term. Demographic trends - such as ageing and growth of the population, declining birth rates, rising healthcare expenditure, and increasing workforce shortages - are presented as the context for the urgent need for greater efficiency and transformative change within the health system. Potential solutions are discussed in response to the impending crisis.