Analysis reveals new insights into SEP elements, showcasing their relation to idempotent and anti-Hermitian elements.
In this paper, we provide many new characterizations of SEP elements in terms of exponentiation, projection, and anti-Hermitian elements. Additionally, we investigate idempotent elements and one-sided x-idempotence to characterize SEP elements. Finally, we discuss x-commutativity and one-sided x-equality to characterize SEP elements.
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Ma et al. (2025) studied this question.
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