Development of a Potential Multilayered Biofunctional Dressing for Localized Postoperative Cancer Treatment: A Hybrid Approach Using 3D Printing and Electrospinning

This study introduces a multilayered biofunctional tumor dressing designed for localized treatment after tumor resection. The system incorporates three therapeutic agents: doxorubicin (DOX) for anticancer action, amoxicillin (AMOX) for antibacterial protection, and ibuprofen (IBU) for anti‐inflammatory support. These drugs were loaded into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices via a hybrid method combining 3D printing, electrospinning, and electrospraying. FTIR, SEM, and optical microscopy confirmed structural integrity. in vitro release at pH 7.4 and 37°C showed rapid DOX and AMOX release within 240 min, while IBU exhibited sustained release over 120 h. Mathematical modeling (zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas) indicated diffusion‐driven, matrix‐controlled kinetics. Encapsulation efficiencies exceeded 98%, affirming fabrication reliability. Antibacterial tests showed stronger activity against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli . Cytotoxicity results demonstrated selective toxicity, with 42.86% viability in CCD1072‐Sk fibroblasts and lower survival in MCF‐7 (25.63%) and A549 (23.76%) cancer cells. This multifunctional dressing enables spatial and temporal control over drug release to effectively manage residual tumor cells, infection, and inflammation, offering a promising strategy for postoperative cancer therapy with minimized systemic side effects.