The potential dual role of platinum nanoparticles in dosimetry and cancer treatment

To investigate the dual role of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in enhancing radiation dosimetry using alanine-based nanocomposites and in increasing the radiosensitivity of melanoma cancer cells. PtNPs were synthesized and incorporated into L-alanine to form nanocomposites with varying mass percentages (0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0%). These materials were characterized and tested for their dosimetric response using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of PtNPs were evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells exposed to different concentrations of PtNPs and radiation doses. An increase in Pt precursor concentration led to larger nanoparticles without destabilizing the system. PtNPs altered the crystallinity of alanine and enhanced ESR signal intensity. Dose enhancement factors (DEF) of 1.1 ± 0.3, 2.2 ± 0.8, and 2.5 ± 0.9 were observed for 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0% PtNPs, respectively. In vitro assays showed a reduction in cell viability at low PtNP concentrations, with maximum radiosensitizing effect observed at 60 µg•mL⁻¹ and 10 Gy radiation after 24 hours.These findings demonstrate that PtNPs can significantly improve both the sensitivity of ESR-based dosimeters and the efficacy of radiotherapy through radiosensitization. The combined dosimetric and therapeutic potential of PtNPs paves the way for integrated applications in radiation oncology and personalized treatment strategies.