Risk factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus in the Miraflores community in Ecuador

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent public health problem, particularly in rural communities where social and economic determinants affect disease management. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with T2DM in the community of Miraflores, located in the 24 de Mayo canton of Ecuador. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 60 individuals diagnosed with the disease, using a structured survey to assess their knowledge of the disease, eating habits, physical activity, family history, tobacco and alcohol use, and access to health services. The results revealed limited understanding of the disease, a diet high in high-glycemic index carbohydrates, low frequency of physical activity, and economic constraints that limited access to healthy foods and glucose monitoring. A total of 78.3% reported a family history of T2DM, and more than 50% reported regular tobacco or alcohol use. It is concluded that T2DM in this community is the result of an interaction among genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, highlighting the need for educational interventions, improved access to metabolic monitoring, and enhanced living conditions to mitigate its impact.