Exploring the Invisible Trade: A Case Study of an NGO's Anti-Trafficking Efforts and Challenges in Assam’s Cachar District

Human trafficking has become a global issue, affecting millions of individuals, and forcing them to labour, sex, and other forms of abuse. In India, the Cachar district of Assam has emerged as a critical hotspot for trafficking, functioning as both a source and a destination due to its economic vulnerabilities, open borders, and socio-cultural disparities. This study examines the work of an NGO which is at the forefront of anti-trafficking efforts in the district. Using focus group discussions and interviews, the study explores the NGO’s efforts and its challenges in delivering anti- trafficking services. Findings reveal the NGO’s holistic approach, including raising awareness, providing counselling, vocational training, and collaborating with governmental and non-governmental entities, covering prevention, rescue, rehabilitation, restoration, and reintegration in addressing the multifaceted nature of trafficking. Despite these commendable efforts, the organisation experiences significant barriers, including inadequate funding, lack of support, limited cooperation from law enforcement and government agencies, and social stigma. These challenges hinder the effective delivery of services. This study underscores the need for a robust, multi-stakeholder approach that fosters collaboration between NGOs, government agencies, and local communities. It recommends strengthening local and institutional cooperation, expanding funding and resources, enhancing trauma-informed intervention, and promoting community engagement.