This study investigated pre-service teachers' (PTs) intentions to adopt generative AI (GenAI) tools in future classrooms by applying an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Participants were enrolled in multiple teacher-preparation programs within a single U.S. higher education institution. Through a structured GenAI-integrated activity using Khanmigo, a domain-specific AI platform for K-12 education, PTs explored AI-supported instructional tasks. Post-activity data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease-of-use (PEU), and self-efficacy (SE) significantly predicted behavioral intention (BI) to adopt GenAI, with SE also influencing both PU and PEU. Conversely, personal innovativeness in IT and perceived cyber risk showed insignificant effects on BI or PU. The findings underscored the evolving dynamics of TAM constructs in GenAI contexts and highlighted the need to reconceptualize ease-of-use and risk within AI-mediated environments. Practically, the study emphasized the importance of preparing PTs not only to operate AI tools but also to critically interpret and co-design them. These insights inform both theoretical models and teacher education strategies, supporting the ethical and pedagogically meaningful integration of GenAI in K-12 education. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.