Grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as a feasible and scalable renewable energy source for rural and urban electrification. Performance analysis of such systems is crucial for refining the design, improving operational efficiency, and preparing maintenance strategies. In 2020, a 100 kWp ground-mounted solar PV power plant was installed at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar (Jammu aligning the modules due south (azimuth 180°) would improve solar incidence and energy capture. Other factors contributing to the performance gap included frequent grid outages, inadequate preventive maintenance, and significant soiling losses. To enhance performance, remedial measures such as automated cleaning systems, azimuth and tilt optimization, improved site selection, and incorporation of hybrid storage systems are suggested. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive site assessment, optimal orientation, and appropriate component configuration for maximizing the efficiency of grid-connected solar PV systems in temperate agroclimatic zones of Jammu and Kashmir.
Ali et al. (2025) studied this question.