Респираторная терапия в домашних условиях — организационные вопросы и подход к лечению пациентов с хронической дыхательной недостаточностью: обзор литературы

INTRODUCTION: Rapid development of medical technologies, changes in the approach to the treatment of patients with congenital genetic or acquired diseases in which respiratory failure develops or progresses have led to the emergence of a new problem — respiratory therapy (RT) at home. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To present the world and domestic experience in organizing and conducting respiratory therapy at home in patients with chronic respiratory failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of domestic and foreign literature for the period from 2006 to 2024 was conducted. The sources of information were the international PubMed database and the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. The following keywords were used for searching the Russian library: home ventilation, palliative patient, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thoracic restrictive diseases, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The following keywords were used for the international database: home ventilation, palliative patient, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thoracic restrictive diseases, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 73 articles that most fully reflect the essence of the problem under study were used to analyse scientific information. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The article covers the modern concept of organizing home respiratory therapy in various countries of Europe and the Russian Federation. The main tasks that should be solved when conducting this type of treatment are formulated. The issues of education and training of specialists who should participate in the organization and conduct of RT are discussed. Positive experience and unresolved issues related to the treatment of this contingent of patients are noted. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory therapy at home is becoming an extreme necessity for a certain contingent of patients. To effectively resolve the issue of respiratory therapy, it is necessary to optimize medical education aimed at training specialists of various profiles in order to organize specialized medical care for patients with chronic respiratory failure.