Preliminary Studies on Prevalence and Zoonotic Risks of Avian Diseases at Kofan-Ran Avian Clinic in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Introduction: Poultry farming is an important source of nutrition, food security, employment, and economic growth in Nigeria. However, infectious avian diseases cause substantial economic losses and pose a risk of zoonoses in humans. This study documents the burden of avian disease in Kofan-Ran, a major market for poultry birds and products in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methodology: Clinical data were retrospectively assessed between January and June 2022. Data were entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel v2017. The proportion of cases was estimated for each clinical diagnosis, and descriptive summaries were made by pathogen category and month of data collection. A total of 4,070 cases were identified. Results: Most cases were diagnosed as viral infections (1,892 cases), followed by bacterial infections (1,532 cases), protozoans (412 cases), and helminths (234 cases). The most prevalent diseases were Newcastle Disease (28.6%), salmonellosis (16.1%), fowlpox (11.5%), coccidiosis (10.1%), and Chronic Respiratory Disease (6.8%). Approximately 26% (5 of 19) of the notified diseases had zoonotic potential, and 26% (5 of 19) were of importance to international trade. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to promote preventive practices among poultry handlers and establish active surveillance for timely case notifications. Additionally, strengthening local clinics with a capacity for more definitive diagnostic testing would support accurate disease identification and enable the provision of effective treatment options.