Recognizing Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in At-Risk Populations: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Beyond

We report 6 cases of immunocompromised patients who developed CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the setting of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or cryptococcal infection. The purpose of this case series is to familiarize radiologists with different at-risk populations, courses of clinical presentation, and common imaging features suggestive of IRIS to guide patient management in a timely manner.Learning Objective: To recognize at-risk populations, clinical features, and imaging findings of CNS IRIS.