Mastectomy is a complete excision from skin to muscle. Three main techniques : autologous flap, implants, and expander. Among these methods, autologous flap reconstruction tends to result in fewer postoperative complications, which are typically minor, such as infection, hematoma, skin necrosis, or lymphocele. The psychological impact of breast loss is significant and constitutes a major source of emotional vulnerability, often affecting the patient’s overall quality of life.
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Lhaloui et al. (2025) studied this question.
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