Multiple management strategies have been put in place in Madagascar to slow down biodiversity loss, but evidence for their effectiveness remains scarce. Using a long‐term monitoring dataset and a custom‐built capture–mark–recapture model, we evaluated the effect of a protected area and translocations on the survival of mouse lemurs Microcebus murinus in the littoral forests of southeastern Madagascar. We found that female mouse lemurs had overall higher apparent survival than males, that annual survival probabilities were higher for both sexes in protected forest fragments compared to degraded ones, and that survival of translocated individuals was on average 66% lower than residents. We also evidenced a positive effect of monthly temperature on female survival in protected fragments but found no temporal trend in survival. This study confirms the importance of protected areas as a conservation tool and calls for careful planning of translocation efforts for conservation of short‐lived primate species.
Vallejo‐Vargas et al. (2025) studied this question.