Prospective effect of mesenchymal exosomes versus nanocurcumin-loaded mesenchymal exosomes on induced periodontitis in albino rats

Provide insights on the effect of mesenchymal exosomes and Nanocurcumin (NCUR)-loaded exosomes on periodontitis. To induce periodontitis, 42 rats were injected with 3 µL of a 10 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 weeks and divided into 3 categories: untreated Periodontitis, Exosomes treated (single dose 200 µg exosomes), and exosomes loaded NCUR treated group (200 µg exosomes loaded with 200 µg NCUR). In addition, 14 rats were injected PBS to serve as control. Rats were sacrificed between 2 and 4 weeks. Rats were allocated in 7 groups; (Group I (Control), Group II (Periodontitis 2 weeks), Group III (Periodontitis + exosomes 2 weeks), Group IV (Periodontitis + loaded exosomes 2 weeks), Group V (Periodontitis 4 weeks), Group VI (Periodontitis + exosomes 4 weeks) and Group VII (Periodontitis + loaded exosomes 4 weeks). The specimens were prepared for histological, histochemical and ELISA analysis. Histological examination of Group I showed normal structure of periodontium. Groups II and V illustrated reduction in periodontal ligament and different stainability of cementum and bone. Group III revealed disordered periodontal fibers and irregular outlines of cementum and bone. The periodontal fibers in Groups IV and VII were obliquely oriented, and the cementum and bone were consistently stained. Group VI explored dense periodontal ligament. Cementum and alveolar bone showed regular outlines. Masson's trichrome statistical results showed group VI has highest mean. Group V has the greatest IL-1β mean. NCUR-loaded exosomes were found to be more effective in decreasing inflammation and stimulating tissue regeneration in experimental periodontitis.