Association of Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration With Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Chronic Cerebral Ischemia

Article considers the issues of pathogenetic relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP), oxidative stress (MDA, homocysteine), neurodegeneration (NSE) and neurotrophic support (BDNF) with the cognitive status of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) stages I–II. Based on the data of a one-stage clinical and laboratory study of 115 patients, a correlation and regression analysis of biomarker values and the results of neuropsychological testing using the MoCA and MMSE scales was performed. A reliable negative correlation was found between the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, homocysteine , NSE and MDA with cognitive indicators, while the level of BDNF was positively associated with the preservation of cognitive functions. According to multiple linear regression, the greatest contribution to the decline in cognitive status was made by IL-6, homocysteine , and a decrease in the BDNF level. ROC analysis confirmed the high prognostic significance of IL-6 (AUC = 0.81), BDNF, and homocysteine in differentiating patients with severe cognitive impairment. The data obtained make it possible to identify key pathogenetic biomarkers of cognitive decline in CCI and use them in building personalized programs for medical rehabilitation and monitoring disease progression.