Case experience highlights improved accuracy and efficiency in complex spinal deformity surgery, suggesting benefits for pre-operative planning and navigation.
Complex spinal deformity in adults, often from neglected congenital deformities, poses surgical challenges. Understanding the 3D anatomy is crucial. A 3D‐printed spinal model aids pre‐operative planning, intra‐operative navigation, and education. It reduces surgery time, bleeding, and X‐ray dose, while improving screw placement accuracy and navigation of intra‐spinal pathologies.
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Hanif et al. (2025) studied this question.
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