Measurement and assessment of self-injection locking effect based on multichannel resonator

Self-injection locking (SIL) is a dynamic phenomenon capable of simultaneously achieving linewidth narrowing and frequency stabilization. However, a systematic lateral comparison of resonators employed in SIL technology under identical conditions and scales remains unexplored. In this study, we conduct comprehensive physical field simulations and experimental analyses of SIL techniques using three resonator types: whispering-gallery-mode resonators (WGMRs), waveguide ring resonators (WRRs), and fiber optic resonators (FORs). We evaluate their performance in terms of laser noise suppression, linewidth reduction, stability, compactness, and integration potential. All three SIL systems achieved a frequency drift below 100 kHz h −1 and a sub-kHz linewidth. Furthermore, we propose optimal SIL implementation strategies and provide a foundation for their application across diverse fields.