Discussion on the Design of Sprayed Eco-Protection for Near-Slope Roads Along Multi-Level Slopes

This study proposes a design method for near-slope roads along multi-level slopes that integrates excavation requirements and post-construction ecological restoration through sprayed eco-protection. Firstly, the design principles and procedural steps for near-slope roads are established. The planar layouts of multi-level slopes are categorized, including mixing areas, turnaround areas, berms, and access ramps. Critical technical parameters, such as curve radii and widths of berms and ramps, as well as dimensional specifications for turnaround areas, are systematically formulated with corresponding design formulas. The methodology is applied to the ecological restoration project of multi-level slopes in the Huamahu mountainous area, and a comparative technical-economic analysis is conducted between the proposed design and the original scheme. Results demonstrate that the optimized design reduces additional maintenance costs caused by near-slope roads by 6.5–8.0% during the curing period. This research advances the technical framework for multi-level slope governance and enhances the ecological design standards for slope protection engineering.