Epidemiological And Evolutive Aspects Of Hyponatremia, Dyskaliemia And Hypocalcemia In Patients Affected By Chronic Kidney Disease At The Departmental Teaching Hospital Of Borgou(Benin).

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem on a continental and global scale. The existence of fluid and electrolyte disorders in patients suffering from CKD is thought to be a risk factor for the progression of this condition. Objective: To study the epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of hyponatremia, dyskalemia and hypocalcemia in patients with chronic kidney disease at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou (CHUD-B) in (Benin) from 2022 to 2023. Method: This was a longitudinal study in which data were collected from 1 January 2022 to 31 October 2023, with a follow-up period of three months.It concerned patients with CKD monitored in the nephrology department of CHUD-B/A who met the study’s inclusion criteria. The hydroelectrolytic disorders studied were hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with each of the above-mentioned fluid and electrolyte disorders. Results: A total of 89 patients with CKD were included. Their mean age was 53 14.37 years and the sex ratio was 1.82. Of the 89 patients, 65 had at least one hydroelectrolytic disorder, giving an overall prevalence of hydroelectrolytic disorders of 73.0%. Hyponatremia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia were found in 46.1%, 56.2%, 13.5% and 19.1% respectively. Of the 65 patients who initially presented with hydroelectrolytic disorders, 46 (70.8%) had an unfavourable outcome, with persistent disorders in 28 (43.1%) and the appearance of a new disorder in 12 (18.5%). Of these patients, 06 (09.2%) died. Conclusion: Hyponatremia, dyskalemia and hypocalcemia were common in patients with CKD. The outcome is sometimes unfavourable. It is therefore necessary to implement strategies for early detection.