Social competencies: A qualitative study of community health nurses in Austria

Background and objective: The Austrian healthcare system is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation, with primary healthcare mainly delivered by independent physicians. However, there are limited integrations of other healthcare professions into primary care. The Austrian federal government plans to introduce a community health nursing system in the future. Currently (period from the beginning of 2022 to the end of 2024), corresponding pilot projects are running in numerous communities in Austria. The present study addresses the question of what social competencies a community health nurse in Austria needs to have. This study investigates the importance of social competencies in community health nursing within the context of the Austrian healthcare and social care system. From this, recommendations for the education of community health nurses in Austria can be derived. Methods: Fifteen qualitative, problem-centered interviews were conducted with experts in community health nursing and public health. Qualitative content analysis, following the approach of Mayring (2015), was employed.  Results: The study identified several key social competencies, including communication, information dissemination and education, cultural and social competencies, pedagogical skills, leadership skills, relationship-building, assertiveness, respect for individuality, self-management, moderation and presentation, understanding of family systems, trust in other healthcare professions, negotiation skills, social justice, and dealing with gender diversity. Conclusions: Social competencies are vital for community health nurses, enabling them to establish trust, address health disparities, and meet the needs of vulnerable groups. Continuous professional development and training can enhance these competencies, thereby improving community health outcomes. Expanding the professional scope of non-physician groups, such as community health nurses, could be beneficial within the Austrian healthcare system. Future education programs for community health nurses in Austria should emphasize the development of social competencies.