Ecological impact and agronomic value of using biopreparation Componazа for composting cattle bedding manure

The influence of the introduction of microorga­nisms, as part of the biological preparation Сompo­naza, namely fungi of the genus Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, viable bacteria Bacillus subtilis, an association of oil-oxidising microorganisms Rodex, Azotobacter chroococcum, Enterobacter, Enterococcus faecium, on the process of aerobic composting of cattle manure using an aerator with an applicator. It has been proven that the use of the Componaza product in the composting process stabilises volatile ammonia compounds in compost, with their subse­ quent conversion into nitrites and nitrates. Unplea­ sant odour is reduced, the compost is formed with­ out energy loss, and macro- and microelements are converted into a form accessible to plants. Compost is enriched with beneficial microorganisms, which contributes to the accelerated formation of a humified substrate. The studied biological product participates in various phases of composting, affects the heating time of raw materials, and influences the quality of the final compost material. It was found that when using the biological product, the litter manure had a higher intensity of destruction and conversion of the carboncomponent, and had better homogeneity and structure of the raw material. Higher levels of available forms of elements in the finished compost were re­corded. The experimental variant with the biologi­cal preparation showed a higher content of available elements according to the results of agrochemical analysis, on average, by 20%, as well as optimal levels of organic matter and ash. It was established that inoculation of the input material with a complex of microorganisms for composting affects the course of the composting phases and the quality of the compost obtained. Compost obtained by this method had a positive aftereffect on yield, which additionally made it possible to reduce the application rates per hectare. Additionally, the value of compost can be adjusted by introducing beneficial microorganisms directly into the finished organic fertiliser. Such practices are known and used in cold pressing technology for the production of granules in combination with Striptill technological solutions. Among the unresolved issues are insufficient awareness of the specifics of composting technology for various by-products, the complexity of scaling the technology in developing countries, the need for unified quality standards, in­ sufficient promotion of environmental culture among livestock producers, and the study of the impact of preparations based on associations of microorga­nisms on the quality and agronomic value of compost, as well as the environmental consequences of its use, require more in-depth research. Thus, inoculation of raw materials, namely the addition of groups of micro­organisms in the composition of Componaza biologi­cal preparation during aerobic composting of cattle by-products, significantly increases the efficiency of the by-product bioprocessing process, allowing high-quality compost to be obtained. Adding the biological product Componaza to compost contributed to an increase in the level of available forms of NPK by up to 20%, which confirms the effectiveness of using the biological product Componaza in the processing of cattle manure. The use of compost in agriculture will reduce the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, which have negative environmental consequences. At the same time, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, the phytosanitary condition of the soil is improved, and weed infestation is reduced, which proves the effectiveness of using the biological product in com­posting cattle manure.