This paper reveals that a finite group's second derived subgroup is sigma-nilpotent if all critical subgroups are Hall-subnormally embedded.
Let πΊ be a finite group and <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">{</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> <m:mi>i</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo fence="true" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">β£</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mo>β</m:mo> <m:mi>I</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">}</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> Ο=\{Οα΅’ iβ I\} a partition of the set of all primes. The group πΊ is said to be π-primary if πΊ is a <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> <m:mi>i</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> Οα΅’ -group for some <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mo>β</m:mo> <m:mi>I</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:math> iβ I , π-nilpotent if πΊ is a direct product of π-primary groups, <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi mathvariant="fraktur">N</m:mi> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> NΟ -critical if πΊ is not π-nilpotent but all proper subgroups of πΊ are π-nilpotent. A subgroup π» of πΊ is called a π-Hall subgroup of πΊ provided <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">|</m:mo> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy="false">|</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> H and <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">|</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">:</m:mo> <m:mi>H</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">|</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> G:H are π-coprime and π-subnormal in πΊ if there is a subgroup chain <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mn>0</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>β€</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>β€</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">β―</m:mi> <m:mo>β€</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>t</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:math> H=Hββ€ Hββ€β―β€ Hβ=G such that either <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mo>β</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:math> Hα΅’ββ is normal in <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>i</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> Hα΅’ or <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>i</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo>/</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mrow> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mo>β</m:mo> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>i</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:msub> </m:mrow> </m:math> Hα΅’/(Hα΅’ββ)_{Hα΅’} is π-primary for all <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>i</m:mi> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mn>1</m:mn> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">β¦</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi>t</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> i=1,β¦,t . A subgroup π» of πΊ is called <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> HΟ -subnormally embedded in πΊ if π» is a π-Hall subgroup of some π-subnormal subgroup of πΊ. In this paper, we prove that the second derived subgroup of a finite group πΊ is π-nilpotent if every <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi mathvariant="fraktur">N</m:mi> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> NΟ -critical subgroup of πΊ is <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msub> <m:mi>H</m:mi> <m:mi>Ο</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> HΟ -subnormally embedded in πΊ.
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Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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