Inhalational administration of surfactant to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants

The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in leading clinics around the world remains high and even increases in some countries, which directly depends on the gestational age and duration of respiratory therapy. Despite a significant increase in survival rates of premature infants and a decrease in the incidence of other diseases, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains high. Over the past three decades, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants in different countries has varied from 11 to 50% and has become increasingly common due to improvements in nursing methods and, as a result, an increase in the survival of extremely premature infants. To date, there are no specific treatments to prevent the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, prevention of preterm birth and antenatal steroid prophylaxis, optimal respiratory approaches with preferences for non-invasive ventilation, and the use of exogenous surfactants reduce the incidence and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The article presents a clinical observation of a group of infants, which included 22 infants (9 girls, 13 boys) with the risk of developing or progressing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. All infants underwent treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting of the Regional Perinatal Center at Nizhny Novgorod Federal City Clinical Hospital No. 40 (Avtozavodskoy District, Nizhny Novgorod) and received combination therapy. It has been established that the use of inhaled surfactant in premature infants showed positive outcomes.