Low-Profile Broadband Filtering Antennas for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Applications

This paper proposes a compact, broadband, and low-profile filtering antenna designed for Sub-6 GHz communication. By applying characteristic mode analysis to the radiating elements, the operational mechanism of the antenna is clearly elucidated. The current cancellation among different radiating elements results in two radiation nulls in the primary radiation direction, effectively enhancing the filtering effect. The antenna achieves a wide operational bandwidth (S11≤−10 dB) of 35.9% (4.3–6.4 GHz), making it highly suitable for Sub-6 GHz communication systems. Despite its compact size of 25 × 25 mm2, the antenna consistently maintains stable broadside radiation patterns, with a peak gain of 6.14 dBi and a minimal gain fluctuation of less than 1 dBi at 4.6–6.45 GHz. This design ensures reliable and robust communication performance for V2V systems operating in the designated frequency band.