Geographic routing based on path-weighted in aeronautical ad hoc networks

The high-speed movement of aircraft and the rapid topology changes in aeronautical ad hoc networks (AANET) pose significant challenges to existing routing protocols regarding delay and packet delivery rate. To address the issues of high delay and low packet delivery rate at the routing layer, a geographic routing protocol based on path-weighed (GPWR) is proposed. The protocol utilizes the ADS-B system and beacon messages to establish and maintain the neighbor node status table. Then it evaluates the relative forwarding metric using three factors: Euclidean distance, node connectivity, and node load capacity. Following the criterion of maximizing relative forwarding metric, the aircraft with the maximum relative forwarding metric is selected as the next-hop forwarding node. Finally, using the North Atlantic air routes as the simulation scenario, the simulation system was designed and implemented in OMNeT++. Comparative experiments were conducted between GPWR and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR). Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with GPSR, GPWR reduces the average end-to-end delay by 22.34% and improves the PDR by 6.54%.