Usage-based analysis of L2 oral proficiency: Characteristics of argument structure construction use

Analyzing the relationship between argument structure construction (ASC) use and language learning has been an important area of investigation in second language (L2) studies from a usage-based constructionist approach. Previous studies have shown that advanced L2 learners’ language use demonstrates greater ASC diversity, less frequent ASC-verb combinations, and stronger ASC-verb associations. However, these investigations have been limited by methodological challenges in identifying ASCs and have predominantly focused on the written texts. To address these limitations, we employ a fine-tuned model to automatically extract ASCs from target and reference corpora, considering their semantic aspects. We then calculate ASC-based indices and, both alone and in combination with other lexicogrammatical indices, use them to predict L2 oral proficiency scores assigned by human judges. Our findings show that ASC-based indices alone explain 44% of the variance in scores. When combined with other indices, they provide complementary insights that enhance multivariate modeling of L2 oral proficiency.