Empatia, ansiedade e depressão como preditores do Burnout no curso médico: revisão de escopo

Introduction. Factors such as empathy, anxiety, and depression have been identified as important predictors of Burnout, with the literature suggesting that empathy is generally associated with lower levels of the syndrome, while anxiety and depression are strongly correlated. Objective. This study aims to understand how these factors contribute to the development of Burnout in medical students. Method. This scoping review was structured using the PRISMA-ScR methodology. The PCC strategy was used to formulate the research question. Articles that related Burnout with empathy, anxiety, and depression during medical training were included. A total of 1,420 articles were screened. The search strategy was applied to the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, and Scielo databases, resulting in 10 eligible articles. Results. Cognitive empathy was associated with lower levels of Burnout, while affective empathy, especially in women, increased emotional exhaustion and depressive symptoms. Anxiety was identified as a trigger for Burnout, and depression showed a strong correlation with emotional exhaustion and suicidal ideation. Conclusion. High levels of anxiety and depression increase vulnerability to Burnout, while empathy has an ambivalent impact: cognitive empathy serves as a protective factor, whereas emotional empathy may exacerbate exhaustion.