Preparation and Li Storage Performance of Attapulgite-based SiOx@RHC Anodes

The static mechanical property of natural attapulgite was employed as a silicon source to synthesize SiO x nanoparticles via magnesiothermic reduction, carbonization, and acid leaching processes. These nanoparticles were subsequently composited with rice husk-derived hard carbon (RHC) to construct a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode material, denoted as SRHC-1, SRHC-2, and SRHC-3. The composite features a rationally designed structure, where SiO x provides high specific capacity, while the porous carbon framework of RHC effectively mitigates the volume stress during cycling and enhances both electronic conductivity and structural stability. Electrochemical tests reveal that SRHC-1 delivers a high reversible capacity of 675.3 mAh g −1 even after 600 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g −1 , demonstrating excellent cycling stability and rate capability. This strategy makes full use of low-cost natural minerals and agricultural waste, achieving a sustainable and green route for functional material fabrication. The SRHC-x series exhibits great potential in applications such as power batteries, energy storage systems, and fast-charging technologies, offering a promising pathway and solid support for the development of next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion battery anode materials.