Therapeutic Potential of Afghan Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous Extract: Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects in Male Rats

Background: We explored the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Afghan Hibiscus sabdariffaaqueous extract in male rats. With a growing interest in natural remedies for mental health disorders, we aimed to assess the efficacy of H. sabdariffa at various doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) using established behavioral models. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group receiving saline, a group exposed to alcohol (at doses of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), and three experimental groups treated with H. sabdariffa extract alongside alcohol exposure. The treatment lasted for 14 days, after which the animals underwent behavioral assessments, including the Forced Swim Test (FST) to evaluate depressive behaviors and the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to assess anxiety-like behaviors. Results: The findings revealed a significant (P<0.001) reduction in immobility time in the FST for the extract-treated groups compared to the alcohol-only group, indicating an antidepressant effect, with the 100 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced impact. Additionally, EPM results demonstrated increased time spent in the open arms and a higher number of entries, suggesting reduced anxiety levels. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Afghan H. sabdariffa exhibits promising antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in male rats, particularly at the 100 mg/kg dosage, even in the context of alcohol exposure. These findings warrant further investigation into the therapeutic potential of H. sabdariffa for treating mood disorders in clinical settings, highlighting its role as a natural alternative in mental health management.